Abstract

Mitochondria are structures within cells that produce much of the energy needed for life. As we age, mitochondria often work less efficiently, but the reasons for this decline are not fully understood. This project focuses on mitochondrial ribosomes, small molecular machines inside mitochondria that make proteins required for energy production. Our research will examine whether these machines change as cells age and whether those changes reduce mitochondrial function. We will compare young and aged yeast cells and then test whether similar changes occur in young human cells and human cells that show features of aging. Using a powerful imaging method called cryo-electron microscopy, together with measurements of protein production and energy use, we will identify how mitochondrial ribosomes change in their structure, makeup, and activity over time. We will also study whether the way these ribosomes are built changes under different metabolic conditions. This will help us determine whether age-related changes are permanent damage or potentially reversible adjustments made by the cell. Ultimately, the project may reveal new ways to protect mitochondrial energy production and support healthier aging.